Drought is one of the main natural disasters that have affected agriculture and rice production in Cambodia. The main objective of this study is to assess the drought in the Cambodia Mekong Delta using different drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Percent Normal Index (PNI) and Decile Index (DI). The results showed that Index (PCI) values ranged from 14.79 to 16.69, meaning that the rainfall pattern of the study area is seasonality in distribution. Based on the calculated drought indices: SPI, PNI and DI on 3– and 6– month timescale ending in June, August, and November, it is evident that the year 1987 was the most critical year associated with extreme drought occurrences. The area experienced drought in June and extended to August. June was the critical base month since all five locations usually experienced drought in this month. Droughts occurred in the early and mid rainy season, and returned to normal or wet conditions by the end of rainy season. Three of the five provinces (Svay Reang, Prey Veng and Kandal) experienced frequent droughts.