Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects in developing countries frequently encounter geotechnical challenges due to problem soils, including expansive, dispersive, collapsible, and lateritic soils. These types of problem soils, which are rare in Japan, are frequently underestimated during the planning phase and insufficiently addressed during construction, resulting in structural failures, slope instability, pavement deterioration, and project delays or cost overruns. Although some countermeasures are implemented on a case-by-case basis, systematic knowledge sharing and risk management among stakeholders remain limited. To address these challenges, this study conducted comprehensive literature reviews domestically and internationally, field investigations in 13 developing countries, and interviews with relevant organizations. The findings were classified by soil type to support future risk mitigation and quality assurance in infrastructure development. The survey revealed that most countries lack design standards and distribution maps for problem soils. In many cases, no specific countermeasures were implemented; when countermeasures were applied, soil replacement with high-quality materials was the most common approach. Advanced techniques commonly used in Japan, including ground improvement, were rarely adopted. These results highlight the global need for standardized approaches and enhanced technical capacity to manage problem soils effectively. Further research and international collaboration are essential. A handbook compiling these findings is available through the JICA e-Library.